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This study examined numerically natural convection heat transfer of a Cu– water nanofluid in square enclosure containing a central heating cylinder. A two-dimensional solution for natural convection was obtained using the finite volume method with SIMPLE algorithm. A detailed parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of three different geometric forms of the inner cylinder (circular, square and triangular) on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for a wide range of Rayleigh number from 10³ to 10⁶ and volume fraction of nanoparticles from 0% to 5%. The results showed that, by changing the shape of the inner cylinder from circular to triangular, the heat transfer rate changes significantly. It is also found that by increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles and Rayleigh number, the heat transfer rate increases.
